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In architecture or structural engineering, a girt, also known as a sheeting rail, is a horizontal structural member in a framed wall. Girts provide lateral support to the wall panel, primarily to resist wind loads. [citation needed] A comparable element in roof construction is a purlin.
The word horizontal is derived from the Latin horizon, which derives from the Greek ὁρῐ́ζων, meaning 'separating' or 'marking a boundary'. [2] The word vertical is derived from the late Latin verticalis, which is from the same root as vertex, meaning 'highest point' or more literally the 'turning point' such as in a whirlpool.
Directional boring machine. Directional boring, also referred to as horizontal directional drilling (HDD), is a minimal impact trenchless method of installing underground utilities such as pipe, conduit, or cables in a relatively shallow arc or radius along a prescribed underground path using a surface-launched drilling rig.
Historically a beam is a squared timber, but may also be made of metal, stone, or a combination of wood and metal [1] such as a flitch beam.Beams primarily carry vertical gravitational forces, but they are also used to carry horizontal loads such as those due to earthquake or wind, or in tension to resist rafter thrust or compression (collar beam).
In worldwide architecture of different eras and many cultures, a lintel has been an element of post and lintel construction. Many different building materials have been used for lintels. [3] In classical Western architecture and construction methods, by Merriam-Webster definition, a lintel is a load-bearing member and is placed over an ...
Wall framing in house construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions, both of bearing walls and non-bearing walls. . These stick members, referred to as studs, wall plates and lintels (sometimes called headers), serve as a nailing base for all covering material and support the upper floor platforms, which provide the lateral strength along a
A girder (/ ˈ ɡ ɜːr d ər /) is a beam used in construction. [1] It is the main horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams. Girders often have an I-beam cross section composed of two load-bearing flanges separated by a stabilizing web, but may also have a box shape, Z shape, or other forms. Girders are commonly used to ...
Suspended slab under construction, with the formwork still in place Suspended slab formwork and rebar in place, ready for concrete pour.. A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete.