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The field of comparative media system research has a long tradition reaching back to the study Four Theories of the Press by Siebert, Peterson and Schramm from 1956. This book was the origin of the academic debate on comparing and classifying media systems, [2] whereas it was normatively biased [3] and strongly influenced by the ideologies of the Cold War era. [4]
The HOI model instead made the content produced by news media the dependent variable in research studies, influenced by factors located within the hierarchical framework. From a media sociology perspective, the framework "takes into account the multiple forces that simultaneously impinge on media and suggests how influence at one level may ...
Media system dependency theory (MSD), or simply media dependency, was developed by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin Defleur in 1976. [1] The theory is grounded in classical sociological literature positing that media and their audiences should be studied in the context of larger social systems.
Media richness theory states that all communication media vary in their ability to enable users to communicate and to change understanding. [5] The degree of this ability is known as a medium's "richness." MRT places all communication media on a continuous scale based on their ability to adequately communicate a complex message. [6]
Combing through the technological and social environment, early media effects theories stated that the mass media were all-powerful. [20] Representative theories: Hypodermic needle model, or magic bullet theory: Considers the audience to be targets of an injection or bullet of information fired from the pistol of mass media. The audience are ...
On a simpler level, McLuhan explains how different media shape the audience's experience differently by creating two subgroups of media: hot media and cold media. [ 10 ] McLuhan also argues that the combination of human senses used to receive a message is a key element that makes one medium different from the others.
One of the most popular theories, Uses and Gratifications Theory, is based on users actively attempting to satisfy their media needs. Elihu Katz is often credited with being one of the original creators of this theory. This theory states that an individual will choose the media or form of media that will satisfy their desires most completely.
The concept of media logic is criticized with the argument that there is not one media logic but many media logics, depending on the context. [29] Andreas Hepp, a leading theorist of the constructivist school of mediatization theory, describes the role of the mass media not as a driving force but as a molding force. This force is not a direct ...