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Spain only started to colonize the claimed territory north of present-day Mexico in the 18th century, when it settled the northern coast of Las Californias. Starting in the mid-18th century, Spain's claims in the Pacific Northwest began to be contested by the British and Russians, who established fur trading posts and other settlements in the ...
The Russians had been advancing south from their strongholds in present-day Alaska, and the British had been pushing west in Canada and were approaching the Pacific coast. In order to secure Spain's claims in California, Charles III wanted to explore and settle the coastline so that he could create a buffer zone to protect Spain's territories ...
Statue of Gaspar de Portolá in Pacifica, California, near the expedition's November 1 camp. This timeline of the Portolá expedition tracks the progress during 1769 and 1770 of the first European exploration-by-land of north-western coastal areas in what became Las Californias, a province of Spanish colonial New Spain.
A first expedition led by Juan José Pérez Hernández in 1774 with just one ship, the frigate Santiago (alias Nueva Galicia [2]), did not reach as far north as planned.Thus in 1775, when a small group of officers from Spain reached the Pacific port of San Blas in the Viceroyalty of New Spain (present day Mexico), the viceroy placed one of them, Bruno de Heceta, in charge of a second expedition.
Juan Bautista de Anza Expeditions 1774; 1775 Brings settlers to California to settle Coastal Areas in the name of Spain. Juan de Ayala Naval Expedition 1775. First to sail past Golden Gate and discover San Francisco Bay. Francisco Garcés Expedition 1776 Discovers Mojave Desert, Cajon Pass, & San Bernardino Valley.
Map of Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail routes in Arizona and California California road signage for the Anza Trail. The Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail is a 1,210-mile (1,950 km) trail extending from Nogales on the U.S.-Mexico border in Arizona, through the California desert and coastal areas in Southern California and the Central Coast region to San Francisco. [1]
San Carlos was a Spanish packet boat built in 1767 at San Blas, Mexico. [1] In 1775, under the command of Spanish naval officer and explorer Lieutenant Juan Manuel de Ayala, the San Carlos became the first ship to enter the San Francisco Bay.
Many journeys were explorations on his own in the deserts. He accompanied soldier-explorer Juan Bautista de Anza part way in both his large overland expeditions: the 1774 De Anza Expedition - first to reach Alta California's Pacific coast from the east; and the 1775-76 Anza Colonizing Expedition, which traveled as far north as San Francisco Bay ...