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The Chios massacre (Greek: Η σφαγή της Χίου, pronounced [i sfaˈʝi tis ˈçi.u]) was a catastrophe that resulted in the death, enslavement, and flight of about four-fifths of the total population of Greeks on the island of Chios by Ottoman troops during the Greek War of Independence in 1822.
Scenes from the Massacre at Chios (French: Scènes des massacres de Scio) is the second major oil painting by the French artist Eugène Delacroix. [A] The work is more than four meters tall, and shows some of the horror of the wartime destruction visited on the Island of Chios in the Chios massacre .
Chios (/ ˈ k aɪ. ɒ s, ˈ k aɪ. oʊ s, ˈ k iː-/; Greek: Χίος, romanized: Chíos ⓘ, traditionally known as Scio in English) is the fifth largest Greek island, situated in the northern Aegean Sea, and the tenth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
The Chios Massacre of 1822 became one of the most notorious occurrences of the war. [11] [12] It is estimated that up to 100,000 Chiots were killed or enslaved during the massacre, while 20,000 escaped as refugees. [13] Mehmet Ali, the Pasha of Egypt, dispatched his fleet to Kasos and on May 27, 1824 killed the population. [14]
In March 1621, six galleys from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany took refuge in the island of Hospitaller Malta against a sizable Ottoman armada sighted nearby. They came out joined by three galleys and a galleon from the Order of St. John, of which Grand Master Alof de Wignacourt had given command to Spanish knight Clemente Hidalgo to escort them. [1]
[3] [4] Benedetto died in 1307 and was succeeded in Chios by his son, Paleologo Zaccaria. When he died childless in 1314, the island passed to Martino and his brother, Benedetto II. [4] [5] Chios was a small but wealthy domain, with an annual income of 120,000 gold hyperpyra.
The burning of the Ottoman flagship off Chios took place on the night of 18 June 1822. The event, occurring during the Greek War of Independence , was a reprisal for the Chios massacre which occurred two months earlier.
Benedetto II Zaccaria (died 1330) was the co-Lord of Chios, as well as many other Aegean islands from 1314 until c. 1325. Benedetto II was the cousin of Paleologo Zaccaria, and succeeded him in Chios and other lands in the Aegean Sea together with his brother Martino. Sometime after 1325 the latter forced him to retire, in exchange for a pension.