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The point antipodal to a given point is called its antipodes, from the Greek ἀντίποδες (antípodes) meaning "opposite feet"; see Antipodes § Etymology. Sometimes the s is dropped, and this is rendered antipode , a back-formation .
In geography, the antipode (/ ˈ æ n t ɪ ˌ p oʊ d, æ n ˈ t ɪ p ə d i /) of any spot on Earth is the point on Earth's surface diametrically opposite to it. A pair of points antipodal (/ æ n ˈ t ɪ p ə d əl /) to each other are situated such that a straight line connecting the two would pass through Earth's center.
Antipodes, points on the Earth's surface that are diametrically opposed; Antipodes Islands, inhospitable volcanic islands south of New Zealand; The Antipodes, a principally British term for Australia and New Zealand (or more broadly the area known as Australasia), based on a rough proximity to the antipode of Britain
A polar opposite is the diametrically opposite point of a circle or sphere. It is mathematically known as an antipodal point, or antipode when referring to the Earth. It is also an idiom often used to describe people and ideas that are opposites. Polar Opposite or Polar Opposites may also refer to:
A generator for the fundamental group is the closed curve obtained by projecting any curve connecting antipodal points in down to . The projective n {\displaystyle n} -space is compact, connected, and has a fundamental group isomorphic to the cyclic group of order 2: its universal covering space is given by the antipody ...
(Every great circle through any point also passes through its antipodal point, so there are infinitely many great circles through two antipodal points.) The shorter of the two great-circle arcs between two distinct points on the sphere is called the minor arc, and is the shortest surface-path between
Indeed, the ball with antipodal surface points identified is a smooth manifold, and this manifold is diffeomorphic to the rotation group. It is also diffeomorphic to the real 3-dimensional projective space P 3 ( R ) , {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{3}(\mathbb {R} ),} so the latter can also serve as a topological model for the rotation group.
The vertical and east-west movement is maximum at 45° latitude and is zero on the equator and at the poles. The tesseral variation has one cycle per latitude, one bulge and one depression; the bulges are opposed (antipodal), in other words the western part of the northern hemisphere and the eastern part of the southern hemisphere, for example.