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  2. Luhn algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm

    Luhn algorithm. The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the " modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in US patent 2950048A, granted on 23 August 1960. [ 1]

  3. Modular arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic

    Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones ...

  4. Montgomery modular multiplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_modular...

    As another example, consider the product 7 ⋅ 15 mod 17 but with R = 10. Using the extended Euclidean algorithm, compute −5 ⋅ 10 + 3 ⋅ 17 = 1, so N′ will be −3 mod 10 = 7. The Montgomery forms of 7 and 15 are 70 mod 17 = 2 and 150 mod 17 = 14, respectively.

  5. Oklahoma city approves over $7 million settlement with man ...

    www.aol.com/news/oklahoma-city-approves-over-7...

    The city of Edmond, Oklahoma, has agreed to a $7.15 million settlement with a man who served 48 years in prison for a crime he didn’t commit, his attorney announced. Glynn Simmons, now 71 ...

  6. Modulo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo

    The range of values for an integer modulo operation of n is 0 to n − 1 ( a mod 1 is always 0; a mod 0 is undefined, being a division by zero ). When exactly one of a or n is negative, the basic definition breaks down, and programming languages differ in how these values are defined.

  7. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    1. Denotes either a plus sign or a minus sign. 2. Denotes the range of values that a measured quantity may have; for example, 10 ± 2 denotes an unknown value that lies between 8 and 12. ∓ (minus-plus sign) Used paired with ±, denotes the opposite sign; that is, + if ± is –, and – if ± is +. ÷ (division sign)

  8. Modular multiplicative inverse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_multiplicative_inverse

    Modular multiplicative inverse. In mathematics, particularly in the area of arithmetic, a modular multiplicative inverse of an integer a is an integer x such that the product ax is congruent to 1 with respect to the modulus m. [ 1] In the standard notation of modular arithmetic this congruence is written as.

  9. List of file formats - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats

    MIDI – MIDI file format that is a music sheet for instruments; MUS, MUSX – Finale sheet music file; MXL, XML – MusicXML standard sheet music exchange format; MSCX, MSCZ – MuseScore sheet music file; SMDL – Standard Music Description Language sheet music file; SIB – Sibelius sheet music file