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Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
Punjabi Arthawali by Amar Nath, an English-to-Punjabi dictionary featuring Punjabi translations of English words in both Latin and Persian scripts. [6] Punjabi-Angrezi Kosh by Khushhal Singh (Lahore, 1946). [6] Based upon Maya Singh's dictionary. [6] Punjabi-English Vocabulary, a small lexicon published by the Sri Guru Singh Sabha, Lahore. [6]
Harbhajan Singh (8 August 1920 – 21 October 2002) was an Indian poet, critic, cultural commentator, and translator in the Punjabi-language.Along with Amrita Pritam, Harbhajan is credited with revolutionising the Punjabi poetry writing style.
Also playing a major role in consolidating and standardizing the Punjabi language, it served as the main medium of literacy in Punjab and adjoining areas for centuries when the earliest schools were attached to gurdwaras. [22] The first natively produced grammars of the Punjabi language were written in the 1860s in Gurmukhi. [33]
The effect of Qisse on Punjabi culture is so strong that even religious leaders and revolutionaries like Guru Gobind Singh and Baba Farid, etc., quoted famous Qissas in their messages. It will not be wrong to say that popularity and nearly divine status of Qisse in Punjabi actually inspired many generations of spiritual leaders and social ...
Dhani Ram Chatrik (4 October 1876 – 18 December 1954) was an Indian poet and typographer. [1] [2]He is considered one of the pioneers of modern Punjabi poetry. [2] He promoted Punjabi culture, language and publications through his life.
The Victorian novel, Elizabethan drama, free verse and Modernism entered Punjabi literature through the introduction of British education during the Raj. The first Punjabi printing press (using Gurmukhi font) was established through a Christian mission at Ludhiana in 1835, and the first Punjabi dictionary was published by Reverend J. Newton in ...
Giani Gurdit Singh (24 February 1923 – 17 January 2007) was born in Mithewal village (Sangrur district) in the state of Punjab, India.He was considered one of the greatest contemporary writers in Punjabi, and his book Mera Pind is regarded as a classic.