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The streets in London were dark and had a shortage of good quality artificial light. [1] It had been recognized for centuries that the coming of darkness to the unlit streets of a town brought a heightened threat of danger, and that the night provided cover to the disorderly and immoral, and to those bent on robbery or burglary or who in other ways threatened physical harm to people in the ...
A city guard, city watch, town guard, or town watch were local militia companies formed to enforce municipal laws. Usually subordinate to the local municipal government , many cities had their own guard formations which doubled as police and military forces in times of need.
Stubbs saw the significance of the writ of ordinance as the bringing together of two separate but long-standing modes of ensuring peace and defence, [7] expanding the 1181 Assize of Arms by adding the system of watch and ward, and pointing the way forward to subsequent legislation along similar lines by Edward I and Henry IV. [8]
The history of Florida can be traced to when the first Paleo-Indians began to inhabit the peninsula as early as 14,000 years ago. [1] They left behind artifacts and archeological remains. Florida's written history begins with the arrival of Europeans; the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León in 1513 made the first
The system of police, which in some places was still medieval in character [10] as a town watch, was modernised along the lines of the Peel reforms for constabulary [citation needed] placed under the control of the council. The various privileged areas within the bounds of a borough were with few exceptions made part of the borough.
The National Historic Landmarks in Florida are representations of a broad sweep of history from Pre-Columbian times, through the Second Seminole War and Civil War, and the Space Age. There are 47 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in Florida , [ 1 ] which are located in twenty-two of the state's sixty-seven counties .
'The Californians' As a native of L.A., I love all the references to the freeways, streets, off-ramps, etc. The best is the pause in the mirror — cracks me up no matter how many times I see it.
The feudal system had gradually been weakened over the Middle Ages, and by the time of the Reformation, the focus of local administration had shifted away from manors and towards civil parishes. Tithings consequently came to be seen as a division of the parish, and so petty constables became seen as parish constables; there are records of ...