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Zika virus was poorly studied until the major outbreak in 2015, and no specific antiviral treatments are available as yet. [19] Advice to pregnant women is to avoid any risk of infection so far as possible, as once infected there is little that can be done beyond supportive treatment.
For example, the human body louse transmits the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii which causes epidemic typhus. Although invertebrate-transmitted diseases pose a particular threat on the continents of Africa, Asia and South America, there is one way of controlling invertebrate-borne diseases, which is by controlling the invertebrate vector.
Zika fever (also known as Zika virus disease) is an illness caused by Zika virus. [79] Around 80% of cases are estimated to be asymptomatic, though the accuracy of this figure is hindered by the wide variance in data quality, and figures from different outbreaks can vary significantly. [ 80 ]
Aedes aegypti (UK: / ˈ iː d iː z /; US: / eɪ d z / or / ˈ eɪ d iː z / from Greek αηδής 'hateful' and / eɪ ˈ dʒ ɪ p t i / from Latin, meaning 'of Egypt'), the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other disease agents.
Zika virus vaccine clinical trials are to be conducted and established. There are efforts being put toward advancing antiviral therapeutics against zika virus for swift control. Present day Zika virus treatment is symptomatic through antipyretics and analgesics. Currently there are no publications regarding viral drug screening.
Human parainfluenza virus infection Under research [19] [20] Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection Under research [21] [22] Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta: Hymenolepiasis: Examination of the stool for eggs and parasites Praziquantel, niclosamide: No Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)
A disease is often known to be contagious before medical science discovers its causative agent. Koch's postulates, which were published at the end of the 19th century, were the standard for the next 100 years or more, especially with diseases caused by bacteria. Microbial pathogenesis attempts to account for diseases caused by a virus.
Human T-lymphotropic virus [9] Syphilis [10] Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, can cause microcephaly and other brain defects in the child. [11] COVID-19 in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth with an odds ratio of approximately 2. [12] Hepatitis B may also be classified as a vertically transmitted infection.