Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive bacterium, and one of over 40 species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. [1] It is part of the normal human microbiota , typically the skin microbiota , and less commonly the mucosal microbiota and also found in marine sponges.
The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. [1] The epidermal layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens [2] and regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss.
Examples include clumping factor A (ClfA), fibronectin binding protein A (FnbpA) from Staphylococcus aureus, SdrG from Staphylococcus epidermidis, M protein from Streptococcus pyogenes, and protein G in other Streptococcus species. All of these MSCRAMMs bind to fibrinogen, but also other targets for MSCRAMMs are known, such as fibronectin.
PSMs were first described as a pro-inflammatory molecule. [2] This role has been repeatedly demonstrated to be true. PSMs are able to induce the production of a variety of cytokines as well as induce neutrophils to migrate to sites of infection. [3] PSMε in S. epidermidis is known to influence the production of IL-8. [3]
Several examples are: Propionibacteria in adolescent and adult sebaceous glands can turn its amino acids into propionic acid. [26] Staphylococcus epidermidis creates body odor by breaking sweat into isovaleric acid (3-methyl butanoic acid). [27] Bacillus subtilis creates strong foot odor. [28]
Staphylococcus epidermidis under a scanning electron microscope. The skin microbiota is vital as a line of defense against infection, a physical barrier between the environment and the inside of the host. Commensal microbes that live on the skin, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that aid the host immune ...
S. epidermidis, a coagulase-negative species, is a commensal of the skin, but can cause severe infections in immunosuppressed patients and those with central venous catheters. S. saprophyticus , another coagulase-negative species that is part of the normal vaginal flora , is predominantly implicated in genitourinary tract infections in sexually ...
NovI then further modifies this PCP bound molecule by oxidizing the β-position using NADPH and molecular oxygen. NovJ and NovK form a heterodimer of J2K2 which is the active form of this benzylic oxygenase. [25] This process uses NADP + as a hydride acceptor in the oxidation of the β-alcohol. This ketone will prefer to exist in its enol ...