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Java does not have a standard complex number class, but there exist a number of incompatible free implementations of a complex number class: The Apache Commons Math library provides complex numbers for Java with its Complex class. The JScience library has a Complex number class. The JAS library allows the use of complex numbers.
Complex arithmetic using the float complex and double complex primitive data types was added in the C99 standard, via the _Complex keyword and complex convenience macro. In C++, complex arithmetic can be performed using the complex number class, but the two methods are not code-compatible.
Note that C99 and C++ do not implement complex numbers in a code-compatible way – the latter instead provides the class std:: complex. All operations on complex numbers are defined in the <complex.h> header. As with the real-valued functions, an f or l suffix denotes the float complex or long double complex variant of the function.
32-bit compilers emit, respectively: _f _g@4 @h@4 In the stdcall and fastcall mangling schemes, the function is encoded as _name@X and @name@X respectively, where X is the number of bytes, in decimal, of the argument(s) in the parameter list (including those passed in registers, for fastcall).
The minimum size for char is 8 bits, the minimum size for short and int is 16 bits, for long it is 32 bits and long long must contain at least 64 bits. The type int should be the integer type that the target processor is most efficiently working with. This allows great flexibility: for example, all types can be 64-bit.
For example, in the declaration int *ptr, the dereferenced form *ptr is an int, while the reference form ptr is a pointer to an int. Thus const modifies the name to its right. The C++ convention is instead to associate the * with the type, as in int* ptr, and read the const as modifying the type to the left.
The most vexing parse is a counterintuitive form of syntactic ambiguity resolution in the C++ programming language. In certain situations, the C++ grammar cannot distinguish between the creation of an object parameter and specification of a function's type. In those situations, the compiler is required to interpret the line as a function type ...
In C++ pointers to non-static members of a class can be defined. If a class C has a member T a then &C::a is a pointer to the member a of type T C::*. This member can be an object or a function. [16] They can be used on the right-hand side of operators .* and ->* to access the corresponding member.