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In law, certiorari is a court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or government agency. Certiorari comes from the name of an English prerogative writ, issued by a superior court to direct that the record of the lower court be sent to the superior court for review.
A petition for certiorari before judgment, in the Supreme Court of the United States, is a petition for a writ of certiorari in which the Supreme Court is asked to immediately review the decision of a United States District Court, without an appeal having been decided by a United States Court of Appeals, for the purpose of expediting the proceedings and obtaining a final decision.
The rule of four is not required by the US Constitution, any law, or even the Court's own published rules. Rather, it is a custom that has been observed since the Court was given discretion on hearing appeals by the Judiciary Act of 1891 , Judiciary Act of 1925 , and the Supreme Court Case Selections Act of 1988.
Parties wishing to appeal such cases would file a petition for certiorari, which the Court could grant or deny without passing on the merits. [ 3 ] Nonetheless, the number of appeals was a one-way upward ratchet, and the Justices argued that the only way to fix the problem once and for all was to have the Court conduct virtually all of its ...
Signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on June 27, 1988 The Supreme Court Case Selections Act of 1988 ( Pub. L. 100–352 , 102 Stat. 662 , enacted June 27, 1988 , codified at 28 U.S.C. § 1257 ) is an act of Congress that eliminated appeals as of right from state court decisions to the Supreme Court of the United States .
For example, the United States Supreme Court hears cases by a writ of certiorari, meaning that it calls appellants up to the court only if their case is important enough to merit the court's resources. The Supreme Court employs a "rule of four," meaning that four justices have to think the case is important enough to hear before the court will ...
"Prerogative writ" is a historic term for a writ (official order) that directs the behavior of another arm of government, such as an agency, official, or other court. [1] It was originally available only to the Crown under English law, and reflected the discretionary prerogative and extraordinary power of the monarch.
The cert pool is a mechanism by which the Supreme Court of the United States manages the influx of petitions for certiorari ("cert") to the court. It was instituted in 1973, as one of the institutional reforms of Chief Justice Warren E. Burger on the suggestion of Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr. [ 1 ]