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German pronouns are German words that function as pronouns. As with pronouns in other languages, they are frequently employed as the subject or object of a clause, acting as substitutes for nouns or noun phrases , but are also used in relative clauses to relate the main clause to a subordinate one.
All German nouns are included in one of three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine or neuter.While the gender often does not directly influence the plural forms of nouns, [1] [2] there are exceptions, particularly when it comes to people and professions (e.g. Ärzte/Ärztinnen).
With personal pronouns, the gender of the pronoun is likely to agree with the natural gender of the referent. Indeed, in most European languages, personal pronouns are gendered; for example English (the personal pronouns he , she and it are used depending on whether the referent is male, female, or inanimate or non-human; this is in spite of ...
Proto-Germanic personal pronouns [1] First person Second person Third person Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative *ek *ik 1 *wet *wit 1 *wīz *wiz 1 *þū *jut *jūz *iz *sī *it *īz *ijōz *ijō Accusative *mek *mik 1 *unk *uns *þek *þik 1 *inkw *izwiz *inǭ ...
German articles and pronouns in the genitive and dative cases directly indicate the actions of owning and giving without needing additional words (indeed, this is their function), which can make German sentences appear confusing to English-speaking learners.
Possessive determiners commonly have similar forms to personal pronouns. In addition, they have corresponding possessive pronouns, which are also phonetically similar. The following chart shows the English, German, [13] and French personal pronouns, possessive determiners and possessive pronouns.
Like many languages, German has pronouns for both familiar (used with family members, intimate friends, and children) and polite forms of address. The polite equivalent of "you" is " Sie ." Grammatically speaking, this is the 3rd-person-plural form, and, as a subject of a sentence, it always takes the 3rd-person-plural forms of verbs and ...
Personal pronouns are pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it). Personal pronouns may also take different forms depending on number (usually singular or plural), grammatical or natural gender, case, and formality.