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A social construct is any category or thing that is made real by convention or collective agreement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Socially constructed realities are contrasted with natural kinds , which exist independently of human behavior or beliefs.
In the social sciences, social structure is the aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals. [1] Likewise, society is believed to be grouped into structurally related groups or sets of roles , with different functions, meanings, or purposes.
The definition of Social Economy used by the Chantier de l'économie sociale in Quebec follows: The Social Economy is made up of association-based economic activities founded on values of: Service to members or the community rather than only generating profits and seeking financial returns; Autonomous management (not government controlled);
For Marcel Mauss, Durkheim's nephew and sometime collaborator, a total social fact (French fait social total) is "an activity that has implications throughout society, in the economic, legal, political, and religious spheres." [8] Diverse strands of social and psychological life are woven together through what he came to call total social facts.
The phrases "social production" and "social peer-to-peer" production have been used to classify the type of workplace relationships and ownership structures found in the open-source software movement and Commons-based peer production processes, which operate, value and allocate value without private property and market exchange. [53]
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.
Social democracy or social democratic remains controversial among socialists. [33] [nb 2] Some define it as representing a Marxist faction and non-communist socialists or the right-wing of socialism during the split with communism. [29] Others have noted its pejorative use among communists and other socialists.
Social activity may refer to: Agency (sociology) , the individual (or 'micro') component of the structure and agency debate Agency (philosophy) , the similar but distinct concept in philosophical action theory