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One-way mirrors for upper-level observation deck viewing down into a classroom (University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire) A one-way mirror, also called two-way mirror [1] (or one-way glass, half-silvered mirror, and semi-transparent mirror), is a reciprocal mirror that appears reflective from one side and transparent from the other. The perception of ...
FreeSnell is a stand-alone computer program that implements the transfer-matrix method, including more advanced aspects such as granular films. Thinfilm is a web interface that implements the transfer-matrix method, outputting reflection and transmission coefficients, and also ellipsometric parameters Psi and Delta.
Electrochromic mirrors use a combination of optoelectronic sensors and complex electronics that monitor both ambient light and the intensity of the light shining on the surface. As soon as glare makes contact with the surface, these mirrors automatically dim reflections of flashing light from following vehicles at night so that a driver can see ...
Smart glass, also known as switchable glass, dynamic glass, and smart-tinting glass, is a type of glass that can change its optical properties, becoming opaque or tinted, in response to electrical or thermal signals.
The metal used determines the reflection characteristics of the mirror; aluminium is the cheapest and most common coating, and yields a reflectivity of around 88%-92% over the visible spectrum. More expensive is silver , which has a reflectivity of 95%-99% even into the far infrared , but suffers from decreasing reflectivity (<90%) in the blue ...
The thicknesses of the layers are chosen such that the path-length differences for reflections from different high-index layers are integer multiples of the wavelength for which the mirror is designed. The reflections from the low-index layers have exactly half a wavelength in path length difference, but there is a 180-degree difference in ...
In the early 10th century, the Persian scientist al-Razi described ways of silvering and gilding in a book on alchemy, [citation needed] but this was not done for the purpose of making mirrors. Tin-coated mirrors were first made in Europe in the 15th century. The thin tinfoil used to silver mirrors was known as "tain". [5]
A very complex dielectric mirror can reflect up to 99.999% of the light incident upon it, for a narrow range of wavelengths and angles. A simpler mirror may reflect 99.9% of the light, but may cover a broader range of wavelengths. Almost any dielectric material can act as a perfect mirror through total internal reflection. This effect only ...
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