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In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
XPath (XML Path Language) is an expression language designed to support the query or transformation of XML documents. It was defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1999, [1] and can be used to compute values (e.g., strings, numbers, or Boolean values) from the content of an XML document. Support for XPath exists in applications that ...
The event-driven model of SAX is useful for XML parsing, but it does have certain drawbacks. Virtually any kind of XML validation requires access to the document in full. . The most trivial example is that an attribute declared in the DTD to be of type IDREF, requires that there be only one element in the document that uses the same value for an ID attribu
XML namespaces are used for providing uniquely named elements and attributes in an XML document. They are defined in a W3C recommendation. [1] [2] An XML instance may contain element or attribute names from more than one XML vocabulary. If each vocabulary is given a namespace, the ambiguity between identically named elements or attributes can ...
Code that uses this iterator can test the current item (to tell, for example, whether it is a start-tag or end-tag, or text), and inspect its attributes (local name, namespace, values of XML attributes, value of text, etc.), and can also move the iterator to the next item. The code can thus extract information from the document as it traverses it.
In Document Type Definition (DTD) files for SGML and XML, an attribute value may be designated as being of type CDATA: arbitrary character data. Within a CDATA-type attribute, character and entity reference markup is allowed and will be processed when the document is read. For example, if an XML DTD contains
Attribute-list declarations name the allowable set of attributes for each declared element, including the type of each attribute value, if not an explicit set of valid values. DTD markup declarations declare which element types, attribute lists, entities, and notations are allowed in the structure of the corresponding class of XML documents. [3]
Mapping Relational Data to XML: Schema mapping is a critical process that defines how relational tables correspond to XML elements and attributes. XQuery Processing: Querying XML data extracted from relational databases may involve XQuery, a language designed for querying and transforming XML. One of the most common scenario involves converting ...