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Microscopy of keratin filaments inside cells. Keratin (/ ˈ k ɛr ə t ɪ n / [1] [2]) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin in vertebrates.
Keratinization is part of the physical barrier formation (cornification), in which the keratinocytes produce more and more keratin and undergo terminal differentiation. The fully cornified keratinocytes that form the outermost layer are constantly shed off and replaced by new cells.
However, in hyperkeratinization, this process is interrupted and a number of these dead skin cells do not leave the follicle because of an excess of keratin, a natural protein found in the skin. This excess of keratin, which is influenced by genetics, results in an increased adherence/bonding of dead skin cells together.
Keratosis pilaris (KP; also follicular keratosis, lichen pilaris, or colloquially chicken skin. [ 1 ] ) is a common, autosomal - dominant , genetic condition of the skin's hair follicles characterized by the appearance of possibly itchy , small, gooseflesh -like bumps, with varying degrees of reddening or inflammation. [ 2 ]
The human skin is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue guarding muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals' skin, and it is very similar to pig skin.
Keratosis (from kerat-+ -osis) [1] is a growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes stemming from keratinocytes, the prominent cell type in the epidermis. More specifically, it can refer to: actinic keratosis (also known as solar keratosis), a premalignant condition; chronic scar keratosis; hydrocarbon keratosis
Parakeratosis is a mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. [1] In mucous membranes , parakeratosis is normal. [ 2 ] In the skin, this process leads to the abnormal replacement of annular squames with nucleated cells.
Suprabasal palmoplantar skin 6b: Basal palmoplantar skin Nail bed Hair follicle 7: 8: 9: Suprabasal palmoplantar skin 10: Suprabasal epidermis 11: 12: Cornea: 13: Suprabasal epidermis of mucosa 14: Basal layer: 15: Basal layer of mucosa 16: Suprabasal palmoplantar skin 17: Basal palmoplantar skin 18: 19: Bulge region of the hair follicle 20 ...