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Keratin (/ ˈ k ɛr ə t ɪ n / [1] [2]) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. Alpha-keratin (α-keratin) is a type of keratin found in vertebrates . It is the key structural material making up scales , hair , nails , feathers , horns , claws , hooves , and the outer layer of skin among vertebrates.
Keratinization is part of the physical barrier formation (cornification), in which the keratinocytes produce more and more keratin and undergo terminal differentiation. The fully cornified keratinocytes that form the outermost layer are constantly shed off and replaced by new cells.
Alpha-keratin, or α-keratin, is a type of keratin found in mammalian vertebrates.This protein is the primary component in hairs, horns, claws, nails and the epidermis layer of the skin. α-keratin is a fibrous structural protein, meaning it is made up of amino acids that form a repeating secondary structure.
However, in hyperkeratinization, this process is interrupted and a number of these dead skin cells do not leave the follicle because of an excess of keratin, a natural protein found in the skin. This excess of keratin, which is influenced by genetics, results in an increased adherence/bonding of dead skin cells together.
Suprabasal palmoplantar skin 6b: Basal palmoplantar skin Nail bed Hair follicle 7: 8: 9: Suprabasal palmoplantar skin 10: Suprabasal epidermis 11: 12: Cornea: 13: Suprabasal epidermis of mucosa 14: Basal layer: 15: Basal layer of mucosa 16: Suprabasal palmoplantar skin 17: Basal palmoplantar skin 18: 19: Bulge region of the hair follicle 20 ...
The skin of the face is thicker than the skin overlying the lips where blood vessels are closer to the surface. As a consequence, the margin of the lips shows a transition between the thicker and thinner skin, represented by the vermilion border. It therefore has the appearance of a sharp line between the coloured edge of the lip and adjoining ...
The human skin is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue guarding muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals' skin, and it is very similar to pig skin.
The cytokeratins are encoded by a family encompassing 30 genes. Among them, 20 are epithelial genes and the remaining 10 are specific for trichocytes. All cytokeratin chains are composed of a central α-helix-rich domain (with a 50 to 90% sequence identity among cytokeratins of the same type and around 30% between cytokeratins of different type ...