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Adult development encompasses the changes that occur in biological and psychological domains of human life from the end of adolescence until the end of one's life. Changes occur at the cellular level and are partially explained by biological theories of adult development and aging. [1]
Senescence (/ s ɪ ˈ n ɛ s ə n s /) or biological aging is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics in living organisms. Whole organism senescence involves an increase in death rates or a decrease in fecundity with increasing age, at least in the later part of an organism's life cycle.
In humans, ageing represents the accumulation of changes in a human being over time and can encompass physical, psychological, and social changes. [2] [3] Reaction time, for example, may slow with age, while memories and general knowledge typically increase.
Williams noted that senescence may be causing many deaths even if animals are not 'dying of old age.' [1] He began his hypothesis with the idea that ageing can cause earlier senescence due to the competitive nature of life. Even a small amount of ageing can be fatal; hence natural selection does indeed care and ageing is not cost-free. [17]
Aging entails many physical, biological, chemical, and psychological changes and the brain is no exception to this phenomenon. These various changes have attempted to be mapped by conceptual models like the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC) in 2009.
Geriatric psychology is a subfield of psychology that specializes in the mental and physical health of individuals in the later stages of life. These specialized psychologists study a variety of psychological abilities that deplete as aging occurs such as memory, learning capabilities, and coordination. Geriatric psychologists work with elderly ...
The typical age of legal majority is 18 years in most contexts, although the definition of majority may vary by legal rights and country. Human adulthood encompasses psychological adult development. Definitions of adulthood are often inconsistent and contradictory; an adolescent may be biologically an adult and display adult behavior but still ...
Chronic inflammation due to SASP from senescent cells can also reduce the capacity of the immune system to remove senescent cells. [66] T cells, B cells, and NK cells have all been reported to become senescent themselves. [68] Senescent-like aging CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes become more innate in structure and function, resembling NK cells. [69]