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Iraq, [a] officially the Republic of Iraq, [b] is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north , Saudi Arabia to the south , Iran to the east , Syria to the west , the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast , and Jordan to the southwest .
The term Iraq is widely used in the medieval Arabic sources for the area in the center and south of the modern republic as a geographic rather than a political term, implying no greater precision of boundaries than the term "Mesopotamia" or, indeed, many of the names of modern states before the 20th century.
The name derives from the mountainous and hilly landscape of the western half of the island of Hispaniola. Hispaniola (name of the island shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic) – a Latinization of the Spanish name La Española, meaning "The Spanish (island)", a name given to the island by Columbus in 1492. [232]
Originating in Iraq, the group underwent various previous name changes, and since 2006 had been known as Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), a name which had failed to gain any traction, as the group had failed to gain or hold any significant territory as ISI, and thus widespread confusion over what to call them was largely absent. [7]
The Emblem of Iraq since the rule of Baathism features a golden black eagle looking towards the viewer's left dexter.The eagle is the Eagle of Saladin associated with 20th-century pan-Arabism, bearing a shield of the Iraqi flag, and holding a scroll below with the Arabic words جمهورية العراق (Jumhūriyyat al-ʿIrāq – "Republic of Iraq").
Iraq remained an important centre of civilization for millennia, up until the Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and subsequently Abbasid Caliphate (of which Baghdad was the capital), which was the most advanced empire of the medieval world (see Islamic Golden Age).
Arab Iraq (Arabic: عراق العرب, romanized: ‘Irāq ul-‘Arab, lit. 'Iraq of the Arabs ') was a term used to refer to the Arab -populated region to the west of Persian Iraq . It included Lower Mesopotamia and some desert areas which are geographically connected to the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula without any natural borders.
A citizen of Iraq, see demographics of Iraq; Iraqi or Araghi (Persian: عراقی), someone or something of, from, or related to Persian Iraq, an old name for a region in Central Iran; Iraqi Arabic, the colloquial form of Arabic spoken in Iraq; Iraqi cuisine; Iraqi culture; The Iraqis (party), a political party in Iraq; Iraqi List, a political ...