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Upright magnetic resonance imaging, supine magnetic resonance imaging, CT scan, and flexion and extension x-rays may also be used but are far less accurate and have a much higher potential for false negatives. The measurements to diagnose craniocervical instability are: Clivo-Axial Angle equal or less than 135 degrees
Patient history, CT scan of neck and chest, fibre-optic bronchoscopy Laryngotracheal stenosis refers to abnormal narrowing of the central air passageways. [ 1 ] This can occur at the level of the larynx , trachea , carina or main bronchi . [ 2 ]
Other symptoms can include neck pain or stiffness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, and a metallic taste in the mouth. A CT myelography scan can identify the site of a cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
Intracranial hemorrhage; Axiali CT scan of a spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage: Specialty: Emergency medicine : Symptoms: Same symptoms as ischemic stroke, but unconsciousness, headache, nausea, stiff neck, and seizures are more often in brain hemorrhages than ischemic strokes
The symptoms of vertebral artery dissection include head and neck pain and intermittent or permanent stroke symptoms such as difficulty speaking, impaired coordination, and visual loss. It is usually diagnosed with a contrast-enhanced CT or MRI scan. [1] [2]
Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) is symptoms of a spinal cord injury (SCI) with no evidence of injury to the spinal column on X-rays or CT scan. [4] [5] Symptoms may include numbness, weakness, abnormal reflexes, or loss of bladder or bowel control. [2] Neck or back pain is also common. [3] Symptoms may be brief or ...
A computed tomography (CT) scan is the definitive diagnostic imaging test. [4] X-ray of the neck often (80% of the time) shows swelling of the retropharyngeal space in affected individuals. If the retropharyngeal space is more than half of the size of the C2 vertebra, it may indicate retropharyngeal abscess. [5]
In children, a CT scan of the neck is indicated in more severe cases such as neurologic deficits, whereas X-ray is preferable in milder cases, by both US [3] and UK [4] guidelines. Swedish guidelines recommend CT rather than X-ray in all children over the age of 5. [5] In adults, UK guidelines are largely similar as in children. [4]