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Throughout the history of early and imperial Russia there were, however, religious movements which posed a challenge to the monopoly of the Russian Orthodox Church and put forward stances of freedom of conscience, namely the Old Believers—who separated from the Russian Orthodox Church after Patriarch Nikon's reform in 1653 (the Raskol ...
After the death of Voltaire, the empress ordered 100 complete collections of works by the thinker so that "they serve as a teaching that they will be studied, confirmed by heart so that the minds will eat them," and even planned to erect a monument to the philosopher in St Petersburg Great French Revolution Voltaire's busts, standing in the ...
The Soviet regime had an ostensible commitment to the complete annihilation of religious institutions and ideas. [11] Communist ideology could not coexist with the continued influence of religion even as an independent institutional entity, so "Lenin demanded that communist propaganda must employ militancy and irreconcilability towards all forms of idealism and religion", and that was called ...
Due to the country's declining population, and the low birth rates and high death rates of ethnic Russians, the Russian government has tried to increase immigration to the country in the last decade; [3] which has led to millions of migrants flow into Russia from mainly post-Soviet states, many of whom are illegal and remain undocumented. [4 ...
A Long Walk To Church: A Contemporary History Of Russian Orthodoxy. Boulder: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-2276-6. Kolarz, Walter (1966). Religion in the Soviet Union. New York: St. Martin's Press. OCLC 831005445. Lane, Christel (1978). Christian Religion in the Soviet Union: A Sociological Study. Albany: State University of New York Press.
After his return, he was rearrested in 1940 and charged with spreading religious propaganda among youth, and sentenced to ten years' hard labour. He was released in 1945 and made Archbishop of Orenburg where he achieved great success in reviving religious life, and as a result he was arrested again in 1948.
In Russia, freedom of religion is provided for in Chapter 1, Article 14, [1] Chapter 2, Articles 28 [2] and 29 [3] of the 1993 constitution, which forbid the federal government from declaring a state or mandatory religion, permit the freedoms of conscience and profession of faith, and forbids state advocacy purporting superiority of any group over another on religious grounds.
The Sputnik Association is a social movement founded in London, UK in 2006 by a group of Russian emigrants and Afro-Russian people. The association was created to provide a platform for Russian emigrants and mixed-race Russian people living abroad to connect and celebrate their shared cultural heritage. [16] [17]