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The process of a timber structure being repeated in stone is called petrification [23] or petrified carpentry. Fired clay was mainly restricted to roofing tiles and associated decorations, but these were quite elaborate. The roof tiles allow a low roof pitch characteristic of ancient Greek architecture. Fired bricks began to be employed with ...
An old Puolimatka's brick factory in Kissanmaa, Tampere, Finland, in the 1960s. Most brickworks have some or all of the following: A kiln, for firing, or 'burning' the bricks. Drying yard or shed, for drying bricks before firing. A building or buildings for manufacturing the bricks. A quarry for clay. A pugmill or clay preparation plant (see ...
Dutch brick (Dutch: IJsselsteen) is a small type of red brick made in the Netherlands, or similar brick, and an architectural style of building with brick developed by the Dutch. The brick, made from clay dug from river banks or dredged from river beds of the river IJssel [ 1 ] and fired over a long period of time, was known for its durability ...
Cream City brick is a cream or light yellow-colored brick made from a clay found around Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the Menomonee River Valley and on the western banks of Lake Michigan. These bricks were one of the most common building materials used in Milwaukee during the mid and late 19th century, giving the city the nickname "Cream City" and ...
Stone bricks. Small stone ashlars that are cut by the quarry to brick sizing to allow their use in standardized brick-laying workflows. Cost is similar to clay composite bricks, but with greatly reduced carbon emissions. [16] [17] As stone does not change size like fired clay bricks, brick-sized stone ashlars do not require expansion joints.
Historically, the topsoil was typically removed and the clay beneath was stripped and mixed with chalk and ash to make bricks. In pre-19th-century England, [i]n most areas the brickfield owner hired a brickmaster at a price per thousand bricks to superintend the site and take full responsibility for the output of the operations.
The compressive strength of bricks produced in the United States ranges from about 7 to 103 MPa (1,000 to 15,000 lbf/in 2), varying according to the use to which the brick are to be put. In England clay bricks can have strengths of up to 100 MPa, although a common house brick is likely to show a range of 20–40 MPa.
This type of brick was used for foundations as well as being extensively used for bridges and tunnels in canal construction, and later, for railways. Its lack of porosity makes it suitable for capping brick walls, and its hard-wearing properties make it ideal for steps and pathways. It is also used as a general facing brick for decorative reasons.