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Jarl is a rank of the nobility in Scandinavia. In Old Norse , it meant " chieftain ", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. Jarl could also mean a sovereign prince .
Earl (/ ɜːr l, ɜːr əl /) [1] is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. [2] A feminine form of earl never developed; [note 1] instead, countess is used. The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth ...
Earl of Orkney, historically Jarl of Orkney, is a title of nobility encompassing the archipelagoes of Orkney and Shetland, which comprise the Northern Isles of Scotland. Originally founded by Norse invaders , the status of the rulers of the Northern Isles as Norwegian vassals was formalised in 1195.
This page lists all earldoms, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.. The Norman conquest of England introduced the continental Frankish title of "count" (comes) into England, which soon became identified with the previous titles of Danish "jarl" and Anglo-Saxon "earl" in England.
The peerage was divided into five ranks; from highest to lowest: Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron. The peerage system became more formalized over time. By the 18th century, peerages were no longer granted as a reward for military service, but instead were granted as a way to recognize social status and political influence.
The Earl of Lincoln: 1572 The Earl of Suffolk: 1603 Earl of Berkshire in Peerage of England The Earl of Exeter: 1605 Marquess of Exeter in the Peerage of the United Kingdom: The Earl of Salisbury: 1605 Marquess of Salisbury in the Peerage of Great Britain: The Earl of Montgomery: 1605 Held with the Earl of Pembroke in Peerage of England The ...
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Beginning in the 11th century, Danish kings frequently awarded the title of jarl (earl) or duke of Schleswig to a younger son of the monarch. Short-lived dukedoms were created for the same purpose in Lolland and Halland.