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It uses a range of grades from 1 to 5. Specific conditions and symptoms may have values or descriptive comment for each level, but the general guideline is: 1 - Mild 2 - Moderate 3 - Severe 4 - Life-threatening 5 - Death. Grade 1: is defined as mild, asymptomatic symptoms. Clinical or diagnostic observations only; Intervention not indicated.
Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim only to prolong life or to reduce symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer, which is called medical oncology. [1] [2]
Chemotherapy interferes with cell division, which particularly affects rapidly dividing cells like those of the gastrointestinal mucosa and immune cells. Irritation of the GI mucosa by chemotherapy, radiation, distention, or acute infectious gastroenteritis activates the 5-HT 3 receptors of these inputs. [ 4 ]
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities that can occur as a complication from the treatment of cancer, where large amounts of tumor cells are killed off from the treatment, releasing their contents into the bloodstream. [1]
The Mayo Clinic has been testing the antidepressant doxepin in a mouthwash to help treat symptoms. [ citation needed ] In 2011, the FDA cleared episil oral liquid for the management and relief of pain of oral lesions with various etiologies, including oral mucositis/stomatitis which may be caused by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
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CIPN afflicts between 30% and 40% of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy are designed to eliminate rapidly dividing cancer cells, but they can also damage healthy structures, including the peripheral nervous system. [1] CIPN involves various symptoms such as tingling, pain, and numbness in the hands and feet. [2]
A study in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry found that decades of lead exposure has resulted in mental health challenges for generations of Americans.