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The imperfect indicative tense of regular verbs ends in -bam or -bar in all verbs except sum and possum, when it ends in -ram. 1st conjugation: amābam (-bam, -bās, -bat, -bāmus, -bātis, -bant) 2nd conjugation: vidēbam; 3rd conjugation (-ō): dūcēbam; 3rd conjugation (-iō): capiēbam; 4th conjugation: audiēbam; Irregular verbs: 'I was ...
Thus all those Latin verbs which in the present tense have 1st singular -ō, 2nd singular -ās, and infinitive -āre are said to belong to the 1st conjugation, those with 1st singular -eō, 2nd singular -ēs and infinitive -ēre belong to the 2nd conjugation, and so on. The number of conjugations of regular verbs is usually said to be four.
In the verb sum 'I am', the imperfect tense eram and the perfect fuī both mean 'I was', but in Latin there is usually a difference. As with other verbs, the perfect is usually used when the length of time is mentioned: diū ... silentium fuit (Livy) [57] 'for a long time there was silence' caecus multōs annōs fuit (Cicero) [58] 'for many ...
There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect: ir, ser, and ver. Historically, ir — unlike other Spanish "-ir verbs" — failed to drop the -b-of the Latin imperfect. The imperfect of ser is likewise a continuation of the Latin imperfect (of esse), with the same stem appearing in tú eres (thanks to pre-classical Latin rhotacism).
The imperfect subjunctive of every verb looks like the infinitive + an ending: Regular: amārem, vidērem, dūcerem, caperem, audīrem; Irregular: essem, possem, ferrem, vellem, īrem; In the various perfect tenses, all verbs have regular endings. However, the stem to which the perfect endings are added cannot always be guessed, and so is given ...
Latin word order is relatively free. The verb may be found at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence; an adjective may precede or follow its noun (vir bonus or bonus vir both mean 'a good man'); [5] and a genitive may precede or follow its noun ('the enemies' camp' can be both hostium castra and castra hostium; the latter is more common). [6]
In some sentences, the pluperfect subjunctive is a reflection of an original imperfect indicative, as in the following example, where the original verbs would have been mīlitābāmus and habēbāmus: [61] [dīxit eōs] id tantum dēprecārī, nē īnferiōrēs iīs ordinēs quam quōs cum mīlitāssent habuissent adtribuantur (Livy) [62]
The Latin gerundive is a form of the verb. It is composed of: the infectum stem (the stem used to form Present and Imperfect tense forms) a vowel appropriate to the verb class or conjugation of the verb; the suffix -nd-an adjectival Inflectional ending; For example: