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Note: solving for ′ returns the resultant angle in the first quadrant (< <). To find , one must refer to the original Cartesian coordinate, determine the quadrant in which lies (for example, (3,−3) [Cartesian] lies in QIV), then use the following to solve for :
A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...
The square root of a positive integer is the product of the roots of its prime factors, because the square root of a product is the product of the square roots of the factors. Since p 2 k = p k , {\textstyle {\sqrt {p^{2k}}}=p^{k},} only roots of those primes having an odd power in the factorization are necessary.
An illustration of the Freshman's dream in two dimensions. Each side of the square is X+Y in length. The area of the square is the sum of the area of the yellow region (=X 2), the area of the green region (=Y 2), and the area of the two white regions (=2×X×Y).
As (+) = and (+) + =, the sum and the product of conjugate expressions do not involve the square root anymore. This property is used for removing a square root from a denominator , by multiplying the numerator and the denominator of a fraction by the conjugate of the denominator (see Rationalisation ).
That procedure can be applied to any field, and different results occur for the fields R and C: when R is the take-off field, then C is constructed with the quadratic form x 2 + y 2, but the process can also begin with C and z 2, and that case generates algebras that differ from those derived from R.
In mathematics, an operator or transform is a function from one space of functions to another. Operators occur commonly in engineering, physics and mathematics. Many are integral operators and differential operators.
In mathematics, Pythagorean addition is a binary operation on the real numbers that computes the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle, given its two sides.According to the Pythagorean theorem, for a triangle with sides and , this length can be calculated as = +, where denotes the Pythagorean addition operation.