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Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, margosa, nimtree or Indian lilac, [3] is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of the two species in the genus Azadirachta . It is native to the Indian subcontinent and to parts of Southeast Asia , but is naturalized and grown around the world in tropical and subtropical areas.
Flatweed—leaves are edible raw, while roots are edible after being roasted. [8] Horsetail—primeval plant that is high in silica; tops are very similar to and may be eaten like asparagus. Lamb's quarters—leaves and shoots, raw, also prevents erosion, also distracts leaf miners from nearby crops.
Formulations that include neem oil have found wide usage as a biopesticide for horticulturists [4] and for organic farming, as it repels a wide variety of insect pests including mealy bugs, beet armyworms, aphids, cabbage worms, thrips, whiteflies, mites, fungus gnats, beetles, moth larvae, mushroom flies, leaf miners, caterpillars, locusts, nematodes and Japanese beetles.
Azadirachtin is formed via an elaborate biosynthetic pathway, but is believed that the steroid tirucallol is the precursor to the neem triterpenoid secondary metabolites. Tirucallol is formed from two units of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to form a C 30 triterpene, but then loses three methyl groups to become a C 27 steroid.
The plant is also sometimes called sweet neem, though M. koenigii is in a different family from neem, Azadirachta indica, which is in the related family Meliaceae. Its leaves, known as curry leaves , also referred to as sweet neem , are used in many dishes in the Indian subcontinent .
Flowers are bisexual, borne on terminal panicles in upper axil and shorter leaves. Flowering occurs January to March, fruiting occurs November to February, [1] [2] and leaf fall occurs from February to March. Melia dubia is said to possess medical properties and is used in the treatment of various ailments such as cancer.
Azadirachta is a genus of two species of trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae. [2] Numerous species have been proposed for the genus but only two are currently recognized, Azadirachta excelsa and the economically important tree Azadirachta indica, the neem tree, from which neem oil is extracted.
Neem cake organic manure is the by-product obtained in the process of cold pressing of neem tree fruits and kernels, and the solvent extraction process for neem oil cake. It is a potential source of organic manure under the Bureau of Indian Standards, Specification No. 8558. Neem has demonstrated considerable potential as a fertilizer.
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