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Persister cells are subpopulations of cells that resist treatment, and become antimicrobial tolerant by changing to a state of dormancy or quiescence. [1] [2] Persister cells in their dormancy do not divide. [3] The tolerance shown in persister cells differs from antimicrobial resistance in that the tolerance is not inherited and is reversible. [4]
[2] [3] When these systems are contained on plasmids – transferable genetic elements – they ensure that only the daughter cells that inherit the plasmid survive after cell division. If the plasmid is absent in a daughter cell, the unstable antitoxin is degraded and the stable toxic protein kills the new cell; this is known as 'post ...
The systems of the body most affected by chemotherapy drugs include visual and semantic memory, attention and motor coordination and executive functioning. [9] [10] These effects can impair a chemotherapy patient's ability to understand and make decisions regarding treatment, perform in school or employment and can reduce quality of life. [10]
Cancer treatments are a wide range of treatments available for the many different types of cancer, with each cancer type needing its own specific treatment. [1] Treatments can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy including small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies, [2] and PARP inhibitors such as olaparib. [3]
Cancer treatment drugs pose a strong selective force on all types of cells in tumors, including cancer stem cells, which would be forced to evolve resistance to the treatment. Cancer stem cells do not always have to have the highest resistance among the cells in the tumor to survive chemotherapy and re-emerge afterwards.
The Fed indeed cut rates in Q4, but stocks didn't jump as much as I anticipated. Here are my five predictions for the stock market in 2025 -- and which stocks will soar the most if they're right.
Where surgery was previously the only option for treatment, cancer is now treated with radiation and chemotherapy, including combination chemotherapy that favors treatment with many drugs over just one. [17] Availability and access to clinical trials has also led to more targeted therapy and improved knowledge of treatment efficacy.
A Minnesota couple has reportedly been sentenced to four years after they locked their children in cages for "their safety." The couple was arrested and charged with 16 counts in June 2023. They ...