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Antibiotic prophylaxis is most commonly used prior to dental surgery, [2] but may be used in other cases, such as prior to sexual intercourse for patients who suffer from recurrent urinary tract infections. [3]
Premedication is using medication before some other therapy (usually surgery or chemotherapy) to prepare for that forthcoming therapy.Typical examples include premedicating with a sedative or analgesic before surgery; using prophylactic (preventive) antibiotics before surgery; and using antiemetics or antihistamines before chemotherapy.
Antibiotic prophylaxis, or giving small doses of antibiotics as a preventative measure, during the perioperative period (usually less than 60 minutes prior to the start of joint replacements)(usually using second generation cephalosporins) is believed to reduce the risk of acute PJIs. [2] [1]
Unsatisfactory evidence to conclude whether antibiotic prophylaxis is useful in patients at risk of IE before dental treatment. [12] It is now established that ‘Antibiotic prophylaxis against IE is not recommended routinely for people undergoing dental procedures’ according to NICE 2016, recommendation 1.1.3.
The World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in 2008 in order to increase the safety of patients undergoing surgery. [1] The checklist serves to remind the surgical team of important items to be performed before and after the surgical procedure in order to reduce adverse events such as surgical site infections or retained instruments. [1]
SCIP-INF-2: Prophylactic antibiotic selection for surgical patients (added 2007) SCIP-INF-3 : Prophylactic antibiotics discontinued within 24 h after surgery end time (48 h for cardiac patients) SCIP-INF-4 : Cardiac surgery patients with controlled 6 A.M. postoperative serum glucose management (≤200 mg/dL) ( added 2008 )
[14] [30] People that cannot have surgery may try long-term antibiotic therapy in order to suppress the infection. [14] The use of prophylactic antibiotics before dental, genitourinary, gastrointestinal procedures to prevent infection of the implant is controversial. [2]
Before surgery, a complete blood count and liver function tests are usually obtained. [39] Prophylactic treatment is given to prevent deep vein thrombosis. [39] Use of prophylactic antibiotics is controversial; however, a dose may be given prior to surgery to prevent infection in certain people at high risk.