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The International Red Cross wound classification system is a system whereby certain features of a wound are scored: the size of the skin wound(s); whether there is a cavity, fracture or vital structure injured; the presence or absence of metallic foreign bodies. A numerical value is given to each feature (E, X, C, F, V, and M).
posterior dislocation of hip with avulsion fracture of fragment of femoral head by the ligamentum teres: impact to the knee with the hip flexed (dashboard injury) Type II-V: Posterior Fracture Dislocations at Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics online Pott's fracture [4] Percival Pott: bimalleolar fracture of the ankle: eversion of ankle
The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is an anatomical-based coding system created by the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine to classify and describe the severity of injuries. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It represents the threat to life associated with the injury rather than the comprehensive assessment of the severity of the injury. [ 4 ]
It is thus a form of child bone fracture. It is a common injury found in children, occurring in 15% of childhood long bone fractures. [3] This type of fracture and its classification system is named for Robert B. Salter and William H. Harris who created and published this classification system in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery in 1963. [4]
A wound is any disruption of or damage to living tissue, such as skin, mucous membranes, or organs. [1] [2] Wounds can either be the sudden result of direct trauma (mechanical, thermal, chemical), or can develop slowly over time due to underlying disease processes such as diabetes mellitus, venous/arterial insufficiency, or immunologic disease. [3]
Open fracture, wound > 1 cm but < 10 cm in length [14] without extensive soft-tissue damage, flaps, avulsions IIIA: Open fracture with adequate soft tissue coverage of a fractured bone despite extensive soft tissue laceration or flaps, or high-energy trauma (gunshot and farm injuries) regardless of the size of the wound [14] [15] IIIB
A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture. [3]
In children with open epiphyses, an equivalent fracture is the "epiphyseal slip", as can be seen in other joints, such as a slipped capital femoral epiphysis in the hip. This is a Salter I or II fracture with the deforming forces directed through the weaker epiphyseal plate. More common in women because of post-menopausal osteoporosis.