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Menstrual pads Different sized maxipads Different brands on a shelf. A menstrual pad [a] is an absorbent item worn in the underwear when menstruating, bleeding after giving birth, recovering from gynecologic surgery, experiencing a miscarriage or abortion, or in any other situation where it is necessary to absorb a flow of blood from the vagina.
When cloth menstrual pads wear out (after years of use), those made from natural materials can be composted whereas disposable sanitary napkins made from synthetic materials cannot be recycled or composted. [18] An estimated 500–800 years are needed to biodegrade a pad, while tampons take six months to biodegrade. [19]
Shortly after, Muruganantham discovered his wife collecting filthy rags and newspapers to use during her menstrual cycle, as sanitary napkins made by multinational corporations were expensive. [7] [8] Troubled by this, he started designing experimental pads. [9] Initially, he made pads out of cotton, but these were rejected by his wife and sisters.
A papyrus sanitary pad, or Makapad, is a sanitary napkin made from papyrus, a natural material.It is reported to be 75 percent cheaper than a conventional menstrual pad and thus an advantage to the poor, as well as being highly absorbent.
Sanitary napkins could be made of woven cotton, knitted or crocheted and filled with rags. [42] They could be homemade for personal use or mass-produced and sold, such as in towns that had a textile industry. [43] The menstrual receptacle was the very earliest hygiene product to be launched as menstrual protection in Sweden, as early as 1879.
Period underwear is designed like conventional underwear but it is made up of highly absorbent fabrics to soak up menstrual blood. Most commercially manufactured period underwear makes use of microfiber polyester fabric. It is recommended that period underwear should be changed every 8-12 hours to avoid leakage and infection.
The modern, commercial, disposable pads started in the late nineteenth century with the Hartmann [] company in Germany, and Johnson & Johnson in the United States. [2] In the UK, the Birmingham firm of Southall Brothers & Barclay was advertising "sanitary towels" in The Family Doctor and Home Medical Adviser in the early 1890s.
Fluff pulp was first developed for use in disposable sanitary napkins. [2] Kotex's first advertisement for products made with wood pulp (Cellucotton) appeared in 1921. [3] Disposable diaper producers also were early to convert to fluff pulp because of its low cost and high absorbency. Normal usage of fluff pulp in a diaper was about 55 percent.
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