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This is the sole species in the genus Ostenia, is endemic to New Zealand and not much is known about its biology or ecology. [11] Diseases. Because grass grub build up large colonies in the soil, disease can spread quickly and be devastating to the population. The most common disease of the New Zealand Grass Grub is Amber disease.
Costelytra zealandica (commonly known as the grass grub) [1] is a species of scarab beetle found in forested areas of greater Wellington. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was originally described in 1846 by the British entomologist Adam White as Rhisotrogus zealandicus from a specimen obtained during the Ross expedition . [ 4 ]
Grubs grow up to 1 cm in length, have a slightly curved, legless body and are creamy white in colour with a tan-brown head. They live below the soil surface, and feed on roots and cambium at the base of trunks. They mostly cause damage to herbaceous plants, particularly those growing in containers, where root growth is restricted.
The grubs hatch by late July. The grub population consists mainly of first instars in early- to mid-August, second instars by early September, and third instars by mid-September to early October. In frost zones, the grubs feed until November, then move deeper into the soil. In frost-free areas, the larva will feed all winter.
“The grubs feed on mostly organic matter in the soil,” said Hudson. “The adult females lay their eggs in the soil with a lot of organic content. That’s primarily what the grubs will feed on.
Clinostomum marginatum is a species of parasitic fluke (class Trematoda). [1] It is commonly called the "Yellow grub". It is found in many freshwater fish in North America, and no fish so far is immune to this parasite. It is also found in frogs. Clinostomum marginatum can also be found in the mouth of aquatic birds such as herons and egrets ...
The grub stage is considered as a serious pest on sugarcane where they can be controlled by management of using cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical and integrated methods. [ citation needed ] In biological method, grubs can be destroy by using the parasitoid fungus Metarhizium anisopliae . [ 3 ]
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