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Additionally, while positive self-image is a shared characteristic of narcissism and self-esteem, narcissistic self-appraisals are exaggerated, whereas in non-narcissistic self-esteem, positive views of the self compared with others are relatively modest.
According to the looking-glass self, how you see yourself depends on how you think others perceive you. The term looking-glass self was created by American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, [1] and introduced into his work Human Nature and the Social Order. It is described as our reflection of how we think we appear to others. [2]
Harry Stack Sullivan first coined the term reflected appraisal in 1953 when he published The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry, though Charles H. Cooley was the first to describe the process of reflected appraisal when he discussed his concept of the looking-glass self (1902). Although some of our self-views are gained by direct experience ...
Amour-propre (French: [amuʁ pʁɔpʁ]; lit. ' self-love ') is a French term that can be variously translated as "self-love", "self-esteem", or "vanity".In philosophy, it is a term used by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who contrasts it with another kind of self-love, which he calls amour de soi.
The Self is a complex and core subject in many forms of spirituality. Two types of Self are commonly considered—the Self that is the ego, also called the learned, superficial Self of mind and body, egoic creation, and the Self which is sometimes called the "True Self", the "Observing Self", or the "Witness". [41]
Low self-esteem may have one or many roots, depending on the individual. "Low confidence can be attributed to environmental, biological and psychological factors," says Dr. Lira de la Rosa.
A person's self-awareness, self-esteem, and self-deception all fall under the self-knowledge part of self. People learn about themselves through our looking-glass selves, introspection, social comparisons, and self-perception. [22] The looking glass self is a term used to describe a theory that people learn about themselves through other people ...
Author Charles Murray, although critical of the self-esteem movement in general, is somewhat more positive about Branden. Murray said it would have been better if other promoters of self-esteem "had focused on self-esteem as Branden described it—an internalized sense of self-responsibility and self-sufficiency." [16]