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Nonparametric statistics is a type of statistical analysis that makes minimal assumptions about the underlying distribution of the data being studied. Often these models are infinite-dimensional, rather than finite dimensional, as in parametric statistics. [1]
Nonparametric regression is a category of regression analysis in which the predictor does not take a predetermined form but is constructed according to information derived from the data. That is, no parametric equation is assumed for the relationship between predictors and dependent variable.
Parametric tests assume that the data follow a particular distribution, typically a normal distribution, while non-parametric tests make no assumptions about the distribution. [7] Non-parametric tests have the advantage of being more resistant to misbehaviour of the data, such as outliers . [ 7 ]
Nonparametric models are therefore also called distribution free. Nonparametric (or distribution-free) inferential statistical methods are mathematical procedures for statistical hypothesis testing which, unlike parametric statistics, make no assumptions about the frequency distributions of the variables being assessed.
Exploratory data analysis, robust statistics, nonparametric statistics, and the development of statistical programming languages facilitated statisticians' work on scientific and engineering problems. Such problems included the fabrication of semiconductors and the understanding of communications networks, which concerned Bell Labs.
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a nonparametric test of nonindependent data from only two groups. The Skillings–Mack test is a general Friedman-type statistic that can be used in almost any block design with an arbitrary missing-data structure. The Wittkowski test is a general Friedman-Type statistics similar to Skillings-Mack test. When the ...
In statistics, the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) is a non-parametric supervised learning method. It was first developed by Evelyn Fix and Joseph Hodges in 1951, [1] and later expanded by Thomas Cover. [2] Most often, it is used for classification, as a k-NN classifier, the output of which is a class membership.
In statistics, especially in Bayesian statistics, the kernel of a probability density function (pdf) or probability mass function (pmf) is the form of the pdf or pmf in which any factors that are not functions of any of the variables in the domain are omitted. [1] Note that such factors may well be functions of the parameters of the pdf or pmf.