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An 1802 cartoon of Edward Jenner 's cowpox-derived smallpox vaccine. Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century included long-standing epidemic threats such as smallpox, typhus, yellow fever, and scarlet fever. In addition, cholera emerged as an epidemic threat and spread worldwide in six pandemics in the nineteenth century.
Contents. Germ theory's key 19th century figures. In the mid to late nineteenth century, scientific patterns emerged which contradicted the widely held miasma theory of disease. These findings led medical science to what we now know as the germ theory of disease. [ 1 ] The germ theory of disease proposes that invisible microorganisms (bacteria ...
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. [1] One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. [1] These symptoms include fever, headaches, and vomiting, [1] as well as swollen and painful lymph nodes occurring in the area closest to where the bacteria entered the skin. [2]
In the 19th century, TB killed about a quarter of the adult population of Europe. [66] In western continental Europe, epidemic TB may have peaked in the first half of the 19th century. [ 65 ] In addition, between 1851 and 1910, around four million died from TB in England and Wales – more than one third of those aged 15 to 34 and half of those ...
140,000+ (2018) [ 9 ][ 10 ] Measles (probably from Middle Dutch or Middle High German masel (e) ("blemish, blood blister ")) [ 11 ] is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable infectious disease caused by measles virus. [ 3 ][ 5 ][ 12 ][ 13 ][ 14 ] Symptoms usually develop 10–12 days after exposure to an infected person and last 7–10 days ...
[1] [10] Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. [2] [6] [11] Complications may include dehydration. [3] The cause of dysentery is usually the bacteria from genus Shigella, in which case it is known as shigellosis, or the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica; then it is called amoebiasis. [1]
Poliomyelitis (/ ˌ p oʊ l i oʊ ˌ m aɪ ə ˈ l aɪ t ɪ s / POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. [1] Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; [5] mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache, neck stiffness, and paresthesia.
Cholera. A person with severe dehydration due to cholera, causing sunken eyes and wrinkled hands and skin. Cholera (/ ˈkɒlərə /) is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. [4][3] Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. [3] The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea lasting ...