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Suppose is Riemannian and is a twice-differentiable immersion. Recall that the second fundamental form is, for each a symmetric bilinear map which is valued in the -orthogonal linear subspace to Then. h ⊥ {\displaystyle {\widetilde {h}} (u,v)=h (u,v)- (\nabla \varphi )^ {\perp }g (u,v)} for all.
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and the cross-product is a pseudovector i.e. if r and p are reversed in direction (negative), L is not. In general I is an order-2 tensor, see above for its components. The dot · indicates tensor contraction. Force and Newton's 2nd law: Resultant force acts on a system at the center of mass, equal to the rate of change of momentum:
r = position from aperture diffracted from it to a point α 0 = incident angle with respect to the normal, from source to aperture α = diffracted angle, from aperture to a point
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17 is divided into 3 groups of 5, with 2 as leftover. Here, the dividend is 17, the divisor is 3, the quotient is 5, and the remainder is 2 (which is strictly smaller than the divisor 3), or more symbolically, 17 = (3 × 5) + 2. In arithmetic, Euclidean division – or division with remainder – is the process of dividing one integer (the ...
R (programming language) R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics, and data analysis. [9] The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data.
ln(r) is the standard natural logarithm of the real number r. Arg(z) is the principal value of the arg function; its value is restricted to (−π, π]. It can be computed using Arg(x + iy) = atan2(y, x). Log(z) is the principal value of the complex logarithm function and has imaginary part in the range (−π, π].