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At 13.2 °C (55.8 °F) and below, pure tin transforms from the silvery, ductile metallic allotrope of β-form white tin to the brittle, nonmetallic, α-form grey tin with a diamond cubic structure. The transformation is slow to initiate due to a high activation energy but the presence of germanium (or crystal structures of similar form and size ...
The term "white tin" was historically associated with tin mining in Devon and Cornwall where it was smelted from black tin in blowing houses. White tin may also refer specifically to β-tin , the metallic allotrope of the pure element, as opposed to the nonmetallic allotrope α-tin (also known as gray tin), which occurs at temperatures below 13 ...
Metallic tin does not easily oxidize in air and water. The first tin alloy used on a large scale was bronze, made of 1 ⁄ 8 tin and 7 ⁄ 8 copper (12.5% and 87.5% respectively), from as early as 3000 BC. After 600 BC, pure metallic tin was produced.
Diamond and graphite are two allotropes of carbon: pure forms of the same element that differ in crystalline structure.. Allotropy or allotropism (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (allos) 'other' and τρόπος (tropos) 'manner, form') is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state, known as allotropes of the elements.
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These allotropes are known as the amorphous and the crystalline allotropes. The amorphous allotrope is a brown powder. The crystalline allotrope is gray and has a metallic luster. [16] Tin has two allotropes: α-tin, also known as gray tin, and β-tin. Tin is typically found in the β-tin form, a silvery metal.
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