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Rest parameters are similar to Javascript's arguments object, which is an array-like object that contains all of the parameters (named and unnamed) in the current function call. Unlike arguments, however, rest parameters are true Array objects, so methods such as .slice() and .sort() can be used on them directly.
^c In Fortran, function/subroutine parameters are called arguments (since PARAMETER is a language keyword); the CALL keyword is required for subroutines. ^d Instead of using "foo" , a string variable may be used instead containing the same value.
For example, if one defines the add subroutine as def add(x, y): return x + y, then x, y are parameters, while if this is called as add(2, 3), then 2, 3 are the arguments. Variables (and expressions thereof) from the calling context can be arguments: if the subroutine is called as a = 2; b = 3; add(a, b) then the variables a, b are the ...
Even when function arguments are passed using "call by value" semantics (which is always the case in Java, and is the case by default in C#), a value of a reference type is intrinsically a reference; so if a parameter belongs to a reference type, the resulting behavior bears some resemblance to "call by reference" semantics.
A function call using named parameters differs from a regular function call in that the arguments are passed by associating each one with a parameter name, instead of providing an ordered list of arguments. For example, consider this Java or C# method call that doesn't use named parameters:
Assign an identifier, name, to a function; Define formal parameters with a name and data type for each; Assign a data type to the return value, if any; Specify a return value in the function body; Call a function; Provide actual parameters that correspond to a called function's formal parameters; Return control to the caller at the point of call
Immediately invoked function expressions can be used to avoid variable hoisting from within blocks, protecting against polluting the global environment and simultaneously allowing public access to methods while retaining privacy for variables defined within the function. In other words, it wraps functions and variables, keeping them out of the ...
A recursive function named foo, which is passed a single parameter, x, and if the parameter is 0 will call a different function named bar and otherwise will call baz, passing x, and also call itself recursively, passing x-1 as the parameter, could be implemented like this in Python: