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In the epidermal strata of the skin, vitamin D production is greatest in the stratum basale (colored red in the illustration) and stratum spinosum (colored light brown). Vitamin D biosynthesis in animal and fungi. Synthesis of vitamin D in nature is dependent on the presence of UV radiation and subsequent activation in the liver and the kidneys.
CYP2R1 is cytochrome P450 2R1, an enzyme which is the principal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. [5] [6] In humans it is encoded by the CYP2R1 gene located on chromosome 11p15.2. [7]It is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum in liver, where it performs the first step in the activation of vitamin D by catalyzing the formation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. [8]
Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8] [9] [10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]
13115 Ensembl ENSG00000111012 ENSMUSG00000006724 UniProt O15528 O35084 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000785 NM_010009 RefSeq (protein) NP_000776 NP_034139 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 57.76 – 57.77 Mb Chr 10: 126.88 – 126.89 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse calcidiol 1-monooxygenase Identifiers EC no. 1.14.15.18 CAS no. 9081-36-1 Databases IntEnz IntEnz view BRENDA BRENDA entry ...
Cholecalciferol is a form of vitamin D which is naturally synthesized in skin and functions as a pro-hormone, being converted to calcitriol. This is important for maintaining calcium levels and promoting bone health and development. [4] As a medication, cholecalciferol may be taken as a dietary supplement to prevent or to treat vitamin D ...
[8] [9] Fungi are grown industrially to enable ergosterol extraction and preparation as a powder for sale as a vitamin D 2 dietary supplement and food additive. [10] Preparations of irradiated ergosterol containing a mixture of previtamin and vitamin D 2 were called viosterol in the 1930s. [11]
Synthesis of pre-vitamin D 3 in the skin involves UVB radiation, which effectively penetrates only the epidermal layers of skin. 7-Dehydrocholesterol absorbs UV light most effectively at wavelengths between 295 and 300 nm and, thus, the production of vitamin D 3 will occur primarily at those wavelengths. [8]
CYP24A1 is an enzyme expressed in the mitochondrion of humans and other species. It catalyzes hydroxylation reactions which lead to the degradation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3, the physiologically active form of vitamin D.