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There were quite a few control characters defined (33 in ASCII, and the ECMA-48 standard adds 32 more). This was because early terminals had very primitive mechanical or electrical controls that made any kind of state-remembering API quite expensive to implement, thus a different code for each and every function looked like a requirement.
ASCII (/ ˈ æ s k iː / ⓘ ASS-kee), [3]: 6 an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. . ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devic
In 1973, ECMA-35 and ISO 2022 [17] attempted to define a method so an 8-bit "extended ASCII" code could be converted to a corresponding 7-bit code, and vice versa. [18] In a 7-bit environment, the Shift Out would change the meaning of the 96 bytes 0x20 through 0x7F [a] [20] (i.e. all but the C0 control codes), to be the characters that an 8-bit environment would print if it used the same code ...
1 Control-C has typically been used as a "break" or "interrupt" key. 2 Control-D has been used to signal "end of file" for text typed in at the terminal on Unix / Linux systems. Windows, DOS, and older minicomputers used Control-Z for this purpose. 3 Control-G is an artifact of the days when teletypes were in use. Important messages could be ...
The ASCII "escape" character (octal: \033, hexadecimal: \x1B, or, in decimal, 27, also represented by the sequences ^[or \e) is used in many output devices to start a series of characters called a control sequence or escape sequence. Typically, the escape character was sent first in such a sequence to alert the device that the following ...
For the control-codes outside of the range 1–26, the notation extends to the adjacent, non-alphabetic ASCII characters. Often a control character can be typed on a keyboard by holding down the Ctrl and typing the character shown after the caret.
Some implementations also include ASCII control codes (non-printing characters) along with whitespace characters. Java's trim method considers ASCII spaces and control codes as whitespace, contrasting with the Java isWhitespace() method, [2] which recognizes all Unicode space characters. Delphi's Trim function considers characters U+0000 (NULL ...
Midnight Commander using box-drawing characters in a terminal emulator. Box-drawing characters, also known as line-drawing characters, are a form of semigraphics widely used in text user interfaces to draw various geometric frames and boxes. These characters are characterized by being designed to be connected horizontally and/or vertically with ...