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Kevlar (para-aramid) [2] is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora.Developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, [3] [2] [4] the high-strength material was first used commercially in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires.
Ultralight material also has elastic properties. Some ultralight materials are designed with more pores to allow the structure to have better heat transfer, which is needed for many materials, like pipes for example. [3] [1] In compression experiments, ultralight materials almost always show complete recovery from strains exceeding 50%.
Plastics are very versatile construction materials. The unique properties of plastics allow them to form tight seals, and they are useful as both thermal and electrical insulators. Plastics are strong yet lightweight, so they are easy to transport & maneuver. They are also durable and resistant to bumps and scratches.
Polycarbonate is a durable material. Although it has high impact-resistance, it has low scratch-resistance. Therefore, a hard coating is applied to polycarbonate eyewear lenses and polycarbonate exterior automotive components.
This material is very strong for its weight, and was originally developed for use in racing yacht sails under the name 'Cuben Fiber'. More recently it has found new applications, most notably in the manufacture of lightweight and ultralight camping and backpacking equipment such as tents, backpacks, and bear-proof food bags.
The ultralight backpacking community has begun to use Tyvek for the construction of extremely light yet durable backpacks. [26] [better source needed] In 2012, The Open Company released a foldable city map made of one of the stiffer variants of Tyvek. [27] Increasingly, reused Tyvek material is being used by home crafters.
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A similar but denser material, consisting of an electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel layer over a polymeric rapid-prototyped truss, was created by researchers at the University of Toronto in 2008. [13] In 2012, German researchers created a carbon foam known as aerographite, with an even lower density than a metallic microlattice. [14]
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