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The test command in Unix evaluates the expression parameter. In most recent shell implementations, it is a shell builtin, even though the external version still exists.In the second form of the command, the [ ] (brackets) must be surrounded by blank spaces (this is because [is a program and POSIX compatible shells require a space between the program name and its arguments).
In these languages, the typeof operator is the method for obtaining run-time type information. In other languages, such as C# [2] or D [3] and, to some degree, in C (as part of nonstandard extensions and proposed standard revisions), [4] [5] the typeof operator returns the static type of the operand. That is, it evaluates to the declared type ...
The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.
The detailed semantics of "the" ternary operator as well as its syntax differs significantly from language to language. A top level distinction from one language to another is whether the expressions permit side effects (as in most procedural languages) and whether the language provides short-circuit evaluation semantics, whereby only the selected expression is evaluated (most standard ...
C# (/ ˌ s iː ˈ ʃ ɑːr p / see SHARP) [b] is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms.C# encompasses static typing, [16]: 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, [16]: 22 object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.
bash_unit [509] bash unit testing enterprise edition framework for professionals. GPL-3.0 License bats [510] the Bash Automated Testing System. TAP-compliant. MIT license ATF [34] BSD license. Originally developed for NetBSD operating system but works well in most Unix-like platforms. Ability to install tests as part of a release. jshu [511]
The example ~/.bash_profile below is compatible with the Bourne shell and gives semantics similar to csh for the ~/.bashrc and ~/.bash_login. The [ -r filename ] && cmd is a short-circuit evaluation that tests if filename exists and is readable, skipping the part after the && if it is not.
Short-circuit evaluation, minimal evaluation, or McCarthy evaluation (after John McCarthy) is the semantics of some Boolean operators in some programming languages in which the second argument is executed or evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression: when the first argument of the AND function evaluates to false, the overall value must be ...