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Red supergiants develop deep convection zones reaching from the surface over halfway to the core and these cause strong enrichment of nitrogen at the surface, with some enrichment of heavier elements. [26] Some red supergiants undergo blue loops where they temporarily increase in temperature before returning to the red supergiant state. This ...
This is a list of the nearest supergiant stars to Earth, located at a distance of up to 1,100 light-years (340 parsecs) from Earth. Some of the brightest stars in the night sky, such as Rigel and Antares, are in the list.
The most massive red supergiants will evolve back to blue supergiants, Luminous blue variables, or Wolf-Rayet stars before their cores collapse, and Mu Cephei appears to be massive enough for this to happen. A post-red supergiant will produce a type IIn or type II-b supernova, while a Wolf Rayet star will produce a type Ib or Ic supernova. [32]
Many of the well-known bright stars are red giants, because they are luminous and moderately common. The red-giant branch variable star Gamma Crucis is the nearest M-class giant star at 88 light-years. [25] The K1.5 red-giant branch star Arcturus is 36 light-years away. [26]
Post-red supergiant stars have a generally higher level of nitrogen relative to carbon due to convection of CNO-processed material to the surface and the complete loss of the outer layers. Surface enhancement of helium is also stronger in post-red supergiants, representing more than a third of the atmosphere. [28] [29]
A red supergiant star orbited by a smaller B-type main-sequence star with a radius estimated between 13 [49] and 25 R ☉. [50] Widely recognised as being among the largest known stars. [19] Another estimate give a radius of 660 R ☉ [23] based on the Gaia DR3 distance of 1 kpc. [31] U Lacertae A 1,013 [23] L/T eff: KW Sagittarii: 1,009 ± 142 ...
Betelgeuse is a red supergiant that has evolved from an O-type main-sequence star. After core hydrogen exhaustion, Betelgeuse evolved into a blue supergiant before evolving into its current red supergiant form. [98] Its core will eventually collapse, producing a supernova explosion and leaving behind a compact remnant. The details depend on the ...
The nearest M-type red giant, and the 25th brightest star in the night sky. 36 G. Doradus: 89.1 ...