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Magnetic domain theory was developed by French physicist Pierre-Ernest Weiss [1] who, in 1906, suggested existence of magnetic domains in ferromagnets. [2] He suggested that large number of atomic magnetic moments (typically 10 12-10 18) [citation needed] were aligned parallel. The direction of alignment varies from domain to domain in a more ...
A domain wall is a gradual reorientation of individual moments across a finite distance. The domain wall thickness depends on the anisotropy of the material, but on average spans across around 100–150 atoms. The energy of a domain wall is simply the difference between the magnetic moments before and after the domain wall was created.
Magnetic domains can be observed with a magnetic force microscope to reveal magnetic domain boundaries that resemble white lines in the sketch. There are many scientific experiments that can physically show magnetic fields. When a domain contains too many molecules, it becomes unstable and divides into two domains aligned in opposite directions ...
In 1979, Slonczewski co-authored a book entitled "Magnetic Domain Walls in Bubble Materials: Advances in Materials and Device Research". [ 5 ] In 1996 he published a highly influential paper in the field of Spintronics , introducing the concept of spin-transfer torque , showing that spin polarized currents could be used to control the ...
If a strong-enough external magnetic field is applied to the material, the domain walls will move via a process in which the spins of the electrons in atoms near the wall in one domain turn under the influence of the external field to face in the same direction as the electrons in the other domain, thus reorienting the domains so more of the ...
Apart from conventional magnetic domains and domain-walls, the theory also treats the statics and dynamics of topological line and point configurations, e.g. magnetic vortex and antivortex states; [19] or even 3d-Bloch points, [20] [21] where, for example, the magnetization leads radially into all directions from the origin, or into ...
Domain walls move easily within the magnet and have a low coercivity. By contrast, a particle that is single-domain in all magnetic fields changes its state by rotation of all the magnetization as a unit. This results in a much larger coercivity. The most widely used theory for hysteresis in single-domain particle is the Stoner–Wohlfarth model.
A domain wall is the boundary between two neighboring domains. Thus a domain wall is extended in two spatial dimensions and one time dimension. Important examples are: Domain wall (magnetism), an interface separating magnetic domains; Domain wall (optics), for domain walls in optics; Domain wall (string theory), a theoretical 2-dimensional ...