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The Republic of Texas declared its independence from Mexico following the Texas Revolution of 1836, and, partly because Texas had been settled by a large number of Americans, there was a strong sentiment in both Texas and the United States for the annexation of Texas by the United States. [3]
Stephen Arnold Douglas (né Douglass; April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an American politician and lawyer from Illinois.A U.S. Senator, he was one of two nominees of the badly split Democratic Party to run for president in the 1860 presidential election, which was won by Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln.
[67] [68] Texas officials felt compelled by the fact that the Tyler administration appeared unequipped to mount an effective campaign for Texas annexation. [69] With the 1844 United States presidential election approaching, the leadership in both the Democratic and Whig parties remained unequivocally opposed to the annexation of Texas. [70]
Civil War Texas: A History and a Guide. Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 0-87611-171-1. Wooster Ralph A. (2015). Lone Star Blue and Gray: Essays on Texas in the Civil War. Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 978-1-62511-025-1. Wooster Ralph A. (1995). Texas and Texans in the Civil War. Eakin Press. ISBN 1-57168-042-X.
Texas was a prime location for agricultural immigration, due to its numerous rivers and rich soil. [14] Due to high amounts of immigration, the settled population of Texas rose to nearly 147,000 in 1847. [14] The settled population eventually rose to 600,000 in 1860. [14] San Antonio became one of the largest cities in Texas during this time. [15]
Many settled in the cities, which were starting to emerge as a major factor in the economy and society. The Whigs had warned that annexation of Texas would lead to a crisis over slavery, and they were proven right by the turmoil of the 1850s that led to the Civil War. [2]
In the many decades between the Revolutionary War and the Civil War, such divisions became increasingly irreconcilable and contentious. [1] Events in the 1850s culminated with the election of the anti-slavery Republican Abraham Lincoln as president on November 6, 1860.
During the 1844 campaign, Democrats like Robert Walker recast the issue of Texas annexation, arguing that Texas and as Oregon were rightfully American but had been lost during the Monroe administration. [87] In response, Clay argued that the annexation of Texas would bring war with Mexico and increase sectional tensions. [88]