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Edmund Cartwright FSA (24 April 1743 – 30 October 1823) was an English inventor. [1] He graduated from Oxford University and went on to invent the power loom . Married to local Elizabeth McMac at 19, he was the brother of Major John Cartwright , a political reformer and radical, and George Cartwright , explorer of Labrador.
The first power loom was designed and patented in 1785 by Edmund Cartwright. [1] It was refined over the next 47 years until a design by the Howard and Bullough company made the operation completely automatic. This device was designed in 1834 by James Bullough and William Kenworthy, and was named the Lancashire loom.
Cartwright's invention, nicknamed "Big Ben," was originally patented in April 1790, with subsequent patents following in December 1790 and May 1792 as the machine's design was refined by Cartwright. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 5 ] [ 4 ] This machine is the first example of mechanization of the wool combing stage of the textile manufacturing process, and a ...
Elizabeth Penrose [nee Cartwright] was the second daughter [1] of Edmund Cartwright, the inventor of the power loom, and Alice Whittaker (daughter of Richard Whittaker of Doncaster). [2] She was born at her father's rectory at Goadby Marwood , Leicestershire .
In 1784, Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom, [8] and produced a prototype in the following year. His initial venture to exploit this technology failed, although his advances were recognised by others in the industry.
1784: Power loom invented by Edmund Cartwright (1743–1823). 1790: Sewing machine invented by Thomas Saint. [22] 1808: The bobbinet, a development on the warp-loom, invented by John Heathcoat (1783–1861). 1856: Mauveine, the first synthetic organic dye, discovered by William Henry Perkin (1838–1907).
Edmund Cartwright bought and patented a power loom in 1785, and it was this loom that was adopted by the nascent cotton industry in England. The silk loom made by Jacques Vaucanson in 1745 operated on the same principles but wasn't developed further.
Cartwright's loom was impractical but the ideas behind it were developed by numerous inventors in the Manchester area of England. By 1818, there were 32 factories containing 5,732 looms in the region. [59] The Horrocks loom was viable, but it was the Roberts Loom in 1830 that marked the turning point.