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Casing depths, well control options, formation fracture pressures and limiting fluid weights may be based on this information. To determine formation strength and integrity, a Leak Off Test (LOT) or a Formation Integrity Test (FIT) may be performed. The FIT is: a method of checking the cement seal between the casing and the formation.
The primary purpose of a wellhead is to provide the suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings that run from the bottom of the hole sections to the surface pressure control equipment. [1] While drilling the oil well, surface pressure control is provided by a blowout preventer (BOP).
As technology has advanced, more modern drillers have better control of the overall well. Oil well control is the management of the dangerous effects caused by the unexpected release of formation fluid, such as natural gas and/or crude oil, upon surface equipment of oil or gas drilling rigs and escaping into the atmosphere.
In this well, the outside casing of the 'B' annulus is 13 + 3 ⁄ 8 in (340 mm) N80 grade with a weight of 68 lb⋅ft (92 N⋅m) −1. The burst pressure of this casing is 5020 psi. 1.2 sg brine produces a pressure gradient of 0.52 psi.ft −1 (see Well kill for the mathematical basics of hydrostatic heads). Therefore, the column of brine ...
Casing Diameters of a Borehole Casing Diagram premium gas tight connections on a casing string. Casing is a large diameter pipe that is assembled and inserted into a recently drilled section of a borehole. Similar to the bones of a spine protecting the spinal cord, casing is set inside the drilled borehole to protect and support the wellstream.
The tubing may also have flow control mechanism. Single-well concentric kill string: within the well a small diameter concentric kill string is used to circulate kill fluids when needed. Single-well 2-tubing completion: in this instance 2 tubing strings are inserted down 1 well. They are connected at the lower end by a circulating head.
A typical piece of casing might be described as 9-5/8" 53.5# P-110 LT&C Rg 3: specifying OD, weight per foot (53.5 lbm/ft thus 0.545-inch wall thickness and 8.535-inch inside diameter), steel strength (110,000 psi yield strength), end finish ("Long Threaded and Coupled"), and approximate length ("Range 3" usually runs between 40 and 42 feet).
Performed after the well is cased, cased hole drill stem testing uses a retrievable production packer that is set above the zone of interest. The well is then flow tested through perforations in the casing. The two types of cased hole testing are pressure operated and mechanically operated.