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The constellation of Molniya-orbiting satellites uses three satellites on different orbital planes, with apogees comparable to those of the geostationary satellites. A Molniya orbit (Russian: Молния , IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] ⓘ , "Lightning") is a type of satellite orbit designed to provide communications and remote sensing coverage over ...
By 30 May 1966, the third Molniya 1 had taken the first images of the whole Earth in history. [13] The early Molniya-1 satellites were designed for television, telegraph and telephone across Russia, [11] but they were also fitted with cameras used for weather monitoring, and possibly for assessing clear areas for Zenit spy satellites. [14]
A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is an elliptic orbit with high eccentricity, usually referring to one around Earth.Examples of inclined HEO orbits include Molniya orbits, named after the Molniya Soviet communication satellites which used them, and Tundra orbits.
Molniya orbit: A semi-synchronous variation of a Tundra orbit. For Earth this means an orbital period of just under 12 hours. Such a satellite spends most of its time over two designated areas of the planet. An inclination of 63.4° is normally used to keep the perigee shift small. [15]
A satellite with an orbital inclination between zero and ninety degrees is said to be in what is called a direct or prograde orbit, meaning that it orbits in the same direction as the planet's rotation. A satellite with an orbital inclination between 90° and 180° (or, equivalently, between 0° and −90°) is said to be in a retrograde orbit.
Orbital. Sciences, Orbital ATK. 28.2 m 1180 370 750 to SSO: No 3 VAFB: 1994 2000 Taurus-2110 United States: Orbital. Sciences, Orbital ATK. 29.1 m 1250 375 900 to SSO: No 2 VAFB: 1999 2001 Taurus-2210 United States: Orbital. Sciences, Orbital ATK. 30.9 m 1050 700 to SSO: No 1 VAFB: 1998 1998 Taurus-3110 United States: Orbital. Sciences, Orbital ...
Molniya 1 (Russian: Молния-1) is the first Soviet communications satellite. A total of 5 experimental devices were launched to create a long-distance radio communication line between Moscow and Vladivostok .
The spacecraft achieved a low Earth orbit, with a perigee of 195 kilometres (121 mi), an apogee of 248 kilometres (154 mi), an inclination of 64.7°, and an orbital period of 89.1 minutes, but failed to leave orbit for its journey to the Moon due to a failure when the Blok L upper stage failed to fire for the trans-lunar injection burn. Instead ...