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In fact the main difference between Neandertals and modern humans was reported in the vertebral column. Several features also indicated ongoing brain growth. It was observed that the pattern of vertebral maturation and extended brain growth might reflect the broad Neanderthal body form and physiology, rather than a fundamental difference in the ...
However, rates of cranial trauma are not significantly different between Neanderthals and Middle Palaeolithic modern humans (although Neanderthals seem to have had a higher mortality risk), [240] there are few specimens of both Upper Palaeolithic modern humans and Neanderthals who died after the age of 40, [182] and there are overall similar ...
Among the genes shown to differ between present-day humans and Neanderthals were RPTN, SPAG17, CAN15, TTF1, and PCD16. [13] A visualisation map of the reference modern-human containing the genome regions with high degree of similarity or with novelty according to a Neanderthal of 50 ka [8] has been built by Pratas et al. [22]
Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests both modern humans and Neanderthals lived side-by-side in Eurasia for between 6,000 and 7,000 years.
“The differences that we imagined between these groups to be very big, actually, were very small, genetically speaking. ... Over this 7,000-year time frame, early humans encountered Neanderthals ...
The study found that humans left Africa, encountered and interbred with Neanderthals in three waves: One about 200,000 to 250,000 years ago, not long after the very first Homo sapiens fossils ...
Conversely, significant rates of modern human gene flow into Neanderthals occurred—of the three examined lineages—for only the Altai Neanderthal (0.1–2.1%), suggesting that modern human gene flow into Neanderthals mainly took place after the separation of the Altai Neanderthals from the El Sidrón and Vindija Neanderthals that occurred ...
The study determined that some mixture of genes occurred between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans and presented evidence that elements of their genome remain in modern humans outside Africa. [1] [2] [3] In December 2013, a high coverage genome of a Neanderthal was reported for the first time. DNA was extracted from a toe fragment ...