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Any stationary voltage or current waveform can be decomposed into a sum of a DC component and a zero-mean time-varying component; the DC component is defined to be the expected value, or the average value of the voltage or current over all time. Although DC stands for "direct current", DC often refers to "constant polarity".
A power converter is an electrical device for converting electrical energy between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). It can also change the voltage or frequency of the current. Power Converters can include simpler tools such as transformer or more complex like a resonant converter.
Once a DC operating point is defined by the DC load line, an AC load line can be drawn through the Q point. The AC load line is a straight line with a slope equal to the AC impedance facing the nonlinear device, which is in general different from the DC resistance. The ratio of AC voltage to current in the device is defined by this line.
In electronics, the relationship between the direct current (DC) through an electronic device and the DC voltage across its terminals is called a current–voltage characteristic of the device. Electronic engineers use these charts to determine basic parameters of a device and to model its behavior in an electrical circuit. These ...
Inrush current, input surge current, or switch-on surge is the maximal instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. Alternating-current electric motors and transformers may draw several times their normal full-load current when first energized, for a few cycles of the input waveform.
The total current through or the total voltage across a particular branch is then calculated by summing all the individual currents or voltages. There is an underlying assumption to this method that the total current or voltage is a linear superposition of its parts. Therefore, the method cannot be used if non-linear components are present.
Large current when mains-powered linear power supply equipment is switched on until magnetic flux of transformer stabilizes and capacitors charge completely, unless a slow-start circuit is used. Extremely large peak "in-rush" surge current limited only by the impedance of the input supply and any series resistance to the filter capacitors.
A buck converter or step-down converter is a DC-to-DC converter which decreases voltage, while increasing current, from its input to its output . It is a class of switched-mode power supply . Switching converters (such as buck converters) provide much greater power efficiency as DC-to-DC converters than linear regulators , which are simpler ...